A government is a group of people that has the power to rule in a territory, according to the law. This territory may be a country, a state or province within a country, or a region. Governments make laws, rules, and regulations, collect taxes and print money.
Some examples of institutions that are part of Indian Government are, The Supreme Court, The Indian Railways and Bharat Petroleum.
Levels of Government
- Local Level
- State Level
- National Level
Government at Local Level refers to people taking care of problems of village, town or locality e.g. Gram Pradhan, panchayats, Sabhasads, District Magistrates etc.
State Level refers to the authorities working for whole of the state. There are 28 states.
National Level refers to the authorities working for the entire country.
Laws and the Government
Government makes laws and everyone who lives in the country have to follow them.
If someone does not follow it Government has power to enforce its decisions.
Similarly everyone living in the Country has the right to get any law enforced. If any law is is being violated he may go to the Court.
Types of Governemnt
[Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy and tyranny. The main aspect of any philosophy of government is how political power is obtained, with the two main forms being electoral contest and hereditary succession.]
There are 2 major forms of Government
- Democracy
- Monarchy
In a Democracy we elect the people who form the Government. In this case the Government is answerable to its people.
In a Monarchy, the Monarch (King or Queen) is not answerable to its subjects. They need not defend or explain the actions taken by them. They may have small closed group of people to take advice but are not bound in any way to listen to them.
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS
Pure Democracy would have meant that each and every person is consulted before taking a decision. But practically it is not possible at India. Hence here we have Representative Democracy.
Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy or representative government, is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy. Here we choose our representatives who meet and make decisions for all of us.
Universal Adult Franchise
Universal Adult Franchise is also known as Universal suffrage (also called universal franchise, general suffrage, and common suffrage of the common man) gives the right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, ethnicity, or any other restriction, subject only to relatively minor exceptions. [In its original 19th-century usage by reformers in Britain, universal suffrage was understood to mean only universal manhood suffrage; the vote was extended to women later, during the women’s suffrage movement.]
In 1920 American women for the first time got the right to vote and the women in England got it in 1928.
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